What is Dry Eye Disease?

WHAT IS DRY EYE DISEASE?

Dry eye disease (also known as dry eye syndrome) is a common condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to discomfort, irritation, and sometimes damage to the eye surface. It is often caused by a deficiency in the quantity or quality of the tear film, which is essential for eye health and comfort.

Symptoms of Dry Eyes

• Irritation or burning sensation
• Redness or inflammation of the eyes
• Blurred vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Excessive tearing (reflex tears)
• Feeling of something in the eye (foreign body sensation)

Causes of Dry Eyes

1. Reduced tear production: Aging, hormonal changes (e.g., menopause), certain medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis), and medications (e.g., antihistamines, beta-blockers) can reduce tear production.
2. Increased tear evaporation: Environmental factors (wind, smoke, dry air) or medical conditions (e.g., blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction) can cause tears to evaporate too quickly.
3. Imbalance in the tear film: Conditions such as autoimmune diseases (like Sjögren’s syndrome) or eyelid issues can affect the normal tear composition and function.

Treatment Options for Dry Eyes

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial condition with a range of treatment options tailored to its severity and underlying cause. While lifestyle adjustments and over-the-counter treatments can help in mild cases, more advanced therapies, including prescription medications, punctal plugs, and other interventions, are available for those with more severe or persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan are key to managing the condition effectively.